Classification of breast mass abnormalities using denseness and architectural distortion

This paper presents an electronic second opinion system for the classification of mass abnormalities in mammograms into benign and malignant categories. This system is designed to help radiologists to reduce the number of benign breast cancer biopsies. Once a mass abnormality is detected and marked on a mammogram by a radiologist, two textural features, named denseness and architectural distortion, are extracted from the marked area. The denseness feature provides a measure of radiographic denseness of the marked area, whereas the architectural distortion feature provides a measure of its irregularity. These features are then fed into a neural network classifier. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the system performance. The area under the ROC curve reached 0.90 for the DDSM database consisting of 404 biopsy proven masses. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to examine the robustness of the introduced texture features to variations in sizes of abnormality markings

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Process Conditions on Residual Wall Thickness and Cooling and Surface Characteristics of Water-Assisted Injection Molded Hollow Products

Recently, water-assisted injection molding was employed in the automobile industry to manufacture three-dimensional hollow tube-type products with functionalities. However, process optimization is difficult in the case of water-assisted injection molding because of the various rheological interactions between the injected water and the polymer. In this study, the boiling phenomenon that occurs because of the high melt temperature when injecting water and the molding characteristics of the hollow section during the water-assisted injection process were analyzed by a water-assisted injection molding analysis. In addition, the changes in the residual wall thickness accompanying changes in the process conditions were compared with the analysis results by considering water-assisted injection molding based on gas-assisted injection molding. Furthermore, by comparing the cooling characteristics and inner wall surface qualities corresponding to the formation of the hollow section by gas and water injections, a water-assisted injection molding technique was proposed for manufacturing hollow products with functionality

A Giant Maxillary Mucocele Presenting Left Cheek Swelling

A paranasal sinus mucocele is an epithelial-lined, mucus-containing sac that completely fills the sinus and forms an expandable cystic structure. It most commonly affects the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses, and rarely the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. Orbital displacement or external disfigurement resulting from the expansion of the frontal or ethmoid sinuses is common; however, facial asymmetry caused by maxillary bone remodeling is rare. We describe a case of large maxillary sinus mucocele that destroyed the maxillary sinus bony wall, resulting in notable left cheek swelling and disfigurement, and review the relevant literature

Classification of breast mass abnormalities using denseness and architectural distortion

This paper presents an electronic second opinion system for the classification of mass abnormalities in mammograms into benign and malignant categories. This system is designed to help radiologists to reduce the number of benign breast cancer biopsies. Once a mass abnormality is detected and marked on a mammogram by a radiologist, two textural features, named denseness and architectural distortion, are extracted from the marked area. The denseness feature provides a measure of radiographic denseness of the marked area, whereas the architectural distortion feature provides a measure of its irregularity. These features are then fed into a neural network classifier. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the system performance. The area under the ROC curve reached 0.90 for the DDSM database consisting of 404 biopsy proven masses. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to examine the robustness of the introduced texture features to variations in sizes of abnormality markings

Message-Based Agent Communications in a Tightly Coupled Multiagent System

vocabularies that are exchanged among agents. Namely, it is possible that the same word means different things (ambiguity), or different words mean the same thing (conflicts) in different agents [5]. This paper presents methods for controlling interactions among agents in a tightly coupled multiagent framework. In this framework, an agent is aware of what agents are available, which is able to solve a query, and how to contact them. This characteristic leads to the simplicity in controlling both local and remote interactions among agents. The form of the communication packet used in information exchange is predetermined and transparent to all agents. Agent interactions are described within the platform of MASCOT that is a tightly coupled multiagent system developed for the role of a computer secretary. Protocols for message exchange are presented, and a scenario is given to demonstrate how the communication mechanism controls agent interactions in MASCOT. Compared to this, we present a mechanism for controlling interactions among agents in a tightly coupled multiagent framework. In this framework, an agent is aware of what agents are available, which is able to solve a query, and how to contact them, albeit the heterogeneity still remains. In our viewpoint, a tightly coupled multiagent system is built in a top-down manner by disassembling a monolithic agent into a set of task-specific agents, as opposed to a loosely coupled system that is the bottom-up integration of separate agents which already exist or are newly built [7]. The main characteristics in the tightly coupled multiagent system are simplicity and efficiency in the control of both local and remote interactions among agents. The form of the communication packet used in information exchange is predetermined..

Threaded Prefetching: An Adaptive Instruction Prefetch Mechanism

We propose and analyze an adaptive instruction prefetch scheme, called threaded prefetching, that makes use of history information to guide the prefetching. The scheme is based on the observation that control flow paths are likely to repeat themselves. In the proposed scheme, we associate with each instruction block a number of threads that indicate the instruction blocks that have been brought into the cache by the current block. These threads later trigger the prefetching of the indicated instruction blocks once the instruction block containing them are re-accessed by the processor. These pointers, in effect, encode the causal relationship between an instruction block and the instruction blocks that have been brought into the cache by the block. The results from trace-driven simulations using SPEC benchmarks show that the proposed scheme improves the prefetch accuracy by more than 100 % on average for 32 Kbyte cache. They also show that the scheme significantly (80 % on average for ..